流动性和流量的许多方案都涉及多种不同的代理，需要合作以找到共同解决方案。行为计划的最新进展使用强化学习以寻找有效和绩效行为策略。但是，随着自动驾驶汽车和车辆对X通信变得越来越成熟，只有使用单身独立代理的解决方案在道路上留下了潜在的性能增长。多代理增强学习（MARL）是一个研究领域，旨在为彼此相互作用的多种代理找到最佳解决方案。这项工作旨在将该领域的概述介绍给研究人员的自主行动能力。我们首先解释Marl并介绍重要的概念。然后，我们讨论基于Marl算法的主要范式，并概述每个范式中最先进的方法和思想。在这种背景下，我们调查了MAL在自动移动性场景中的应用程序，并概述了现有的场景和实现。

Charisma is considered as one's ability to attract and potentially also influence others. Clearly, there can be considerable interest from an artificial intelligence's (AI) perspective to provide it with such skill. Beyond, a plethora of use cases opens up for computational measurement of human charisma, such as for tutoring humans in the acquisition of charisma, mediating human-to-human conversation, or identifying charismatic individuals in big social data. A number of models exist that base charisma on various dimensions, often following the idea that charisma is given if someone could and would help others. Examples include influence (could help) and affability (would help) in scientific studies or power (could help), presence, and warmth (both would help) as a popular concept. Modelling high levels in these dimensions for humanoid robots or virtual agents, seems accomplishable. Beyond, also automatic measurement appears quite feasible with the recent advances in the related fields of Affective Computing and Social Signal Processing. Here, we, thereforem present a blueprint for building machines that can appear charismatic, but also analyse the charisma of others. To this end, we first provide the psychological perspective including different models of charisma and behavioural cues of it. We then switch to conversational charisma in spoken language as an exemplary modality that is essential for human-human and human-computer conversations. The computational perspective then deals with the recognition and generation of charismatic behaviour by AI. This includes an overview of the state of play in the field and the aforementioned blueprint. We then name exemplary use cases of computational charismatic skills before switching to ethical aspects and concluding this overview and perspective on building charisma-enabled AI.

The release of ChatGPT, a language model capable of generating text that appears human-like and authentic, has gained significant attention beyond the research community. We expect that the convincing performance of ChatGPT incentivizes users to apply it to a variety of downstream tasks, including prompting the model to simplify their own medical reports. To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted an exploratory case study. In a questionnaire, we asked 15 radiologists to assess the quality of radiology reports simplified by ChatGPT. Most radiologists agreed that the simplified reports were factually correct, complete, and not potentially harmful to the patient. Nevertheless, instances of incorrect statements, missed key medical findings, and potentially harmful passages were reported. While further studies are needed, the initial insights of this study indicate a great potential in using large language models like ChatGPT to improve patient-centered care in radiology and other medical domains.

This chapter sheds light on the synaptic organization of the brain from the perspective of computational neuroscience. It provides an introductory overview on how to account for empirical data in mathematical models, implement them in software, and perform simulations reflecting experiments. This path is demonstrated with respect to four key aspects of synaptic signaling: the connectivity of brain networks, synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and the heterogeneity across synapses. Each step and aspect of the modeling and simulation workflow comes with its own challenges and pitfalls, which are highlighted and addressed in detail.

卵巢癌是最致命的妇科恶性肿瘤。该疾病在早期阶段最常是无症状的，其诊断依赖于经阴道超声图像的专家评估。超声是表征附加质量的一线成像方式，它需要大量的专业知识，其分析是主观的和劳动的，因此易于误差。因此，在临床实践中需要进行自动化的过程，以促进和标准化扫描评估。使用监督的学习，我们证明了附加质量的分割是可能的，但是，患病率和标签不平衡限制了代表性不足的类别的性能。为了减轻这种情况，我们应用了一种新颖的病理学数据合成器。我们通过使用Poisson图像编辑将较少常见的质量整合到其他样品中，从而创建及其相应的地面真实分割的合成医学图像。我们的方法在所有班级中都取得了最佳性能，包括与NNU-NET基线方法相比，提高了多达8％。

医学成像中各种各样的分布和分布数据使通用异常检测成为一项艰巨的任务。最近，已经开发了许多自我监督的方法，这些方法是对健康数据的端到端模型，并具有合成异常的增强。但是，很难比较这些方法，因为尚不清楚绩效的收益是从任务本身还是围绕其培训管道来进行的。也很难评估一项任务是否可以很好地通用通用异常检测，因为它们通常仅在有限的异常范围内进行测试。为了协助这一点，我们开发了NOOD，该框架适应NNU-NET，以比较自我监督的异常定位方法。通过将综合，自我监督的任务隔离在其余培训过程中，我们对任务进行了更忠实的比较，同时还可以快速简便地评估给定数据集的工作流程。使用此功能，我们实施了当前的最新任务，并在具有挑战性的X射线数据集上对其进行了评估。

我们提出了一个具有两个自由度的闭环8R机制，其运动表现出了好奇的特性。在其配置品种的二维组成部分的任何点上，都可以在保持一个自由度的同时固定每一个关节。这表明均匀轴和奇数轴总是形成贝内特机制。在这种机制中，相反的距离和角度相等，所有偏移均为零。8R机制具有四种“完全排列”的构型，其中任何一对连续轴的共同正态重合。

现在，可以使用最先进的神经语言模型通过零射门提示来解决临时语言任务，而无需进行监督培训。近年来，这种方法已广受欢迎，研究人员证明了提示在特定的NLP任务上实现强烈准确的提示。但是，找到新任务的提示需要实验。具有不同措辞选择的不同提示模板会导致明显的准确性差异。提示允许用户尝试及时变化，可视化及时性能，并迭代优化提示。我们开发了一个工作流程，该工作流程允许用户首先使用少量数据专注于模型反馈，然后再进入大型数据制度，该数据制度允许使用任务的定量度量来实现有希望的提示的经验基础。然后，该工具可以轻松部署新创建的临时模型。我们使用多种现实世界用例演示了Fackide（http://prompt.vizhub.ai）和我们的工作流程的实用性。

我们在非标准空间上介绍了积极的确定核的新类别，这些空间完全是严格的确定性或特征。特别是，我们讨论了可分离的希尔伯特空间上的径向内核，并在Banach空间和强型负类型的度量空间上引入了广泛的内核。一般结果用于在可分离的$ l^p $空间和一组措施上提供明确的核类。

我们研究知识图嵌入（KGE）对知识图（KG）完成的有效性，并通过规则挖掘完成。更具体地说，我们在KGE完成之前和之后从KGS中挖掘规则，以比较提取的规则的可能差异。我们将此方法应用于经典的方法，尤其是Transe，Distmult and Complext。我们的实验表明，根据KGE完成的KGE方法，提取的规则之间可能存在巨大差异。特别是，在完成转盘后，提取了几条虚假规则。